Lead poses a significant health threat, capable of causing a range of health issues. This danger is particularly pronounced for young children, as elevated levels of lead in the bloodstream can lead to developmental, behavioral, and learning challenges. Expectant mothers are also at risk, as exposure to lead has been linked to heightened chances of miscarriage, low birth weight, and hindered neurodevelopment in unborn babies.

While you might suspect the presence of lead paint in your home, a proper lead inspection is required to be certain. Lead inspections are typically conducted by an EPA-certified inspector, by a process that utilizes a specialized tool known as an XRF analyzer. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis involves directing x-ray beams into paint samples and measuring the resulting energy signatures to assess the lead concentration accurately. Lead inspectors employ handheld XRF analyzers, resembling radar guns, to systematically examine all painted surfaces. A positive indication for lead-based paint is determined when measurements exceed 0.5 milligrams of lead per square centimeter.

If your home was built before 1978, you should assume that lead paint was used. If you’re unsure about the construction date of your home, consider reaching out to the previous owner, seller, or landlord for information. Under the Lead-Based Paint Disclosure Rule (Section 1018 of Title X), sellers and landlords are legally obligated to disclose any details regarding potential lead paint hazards in properties built before 1978.

However, even if your home was constructed after 1978, it’s important not to dismiss the possibility of lead paint presence. Although the sale of lead paint was banned after 1978, its usage persisted in some cases for years afterward.

Lead-based paint poses a health risk only when it’s damaged or deteriorating. Well-maintained paint, even if it contains lead, generally doesn’t pose an immediate threat to health, unless it’s located on what’s considered a friction surface. For instance, pay close attention to paint near doorways and windowsills, as frictional contact can lead to chipping. Areas with high moisture levels, such as bathroom and basement walls, are also more susceptible to paint deterioration due to steam or condensation. Other high-risk surfaces include baseboards, stairs, railings, banisters, and porches. These areas warrant special attention when assessing the potential risks associated with lead-based paint.

If you’re trying to identify lead paint, focus your attention on areas where the paint is damaged. These are the areas where the risk of lead exposure is greatest. Damaged paint can create lead-contaminated dust and paint chips that might be inhaled or ingested accidentally. Signs of damaged paint, and thus potential lead hazards, include peeling, chipping, chalking, cracking, dampness, bubbling, and teeth marks. Lead paint on certain “high-risk surfaces” is considered hazardous, even when not damaged or deteriorating. These surfaces are prone to wear and tear due to friction, impact, moisture, or chewing.

Another indicator of potential lead paint is the presence of multiple layers of paint on surfaces, particularly in older buildings constructed before 1978. Removing old paint can be a labor-intensive process, prompting some individuals to opt for painting over existing layers instead. While the surface may appear fresh and clean after a new coat of paint, it’s important to look deeper into the paint history if there are concerns about lead paint hazards.

In areas where paint is already damaged or chipping, you might uncover sub-layers of paint beneath the surface. These are previous coatings that have been covered up during repairs or renovations. As mentioned earlier, the older the paint, the higher the likelihood it contains lead. As a general guideline, it’s advisable to presume that paint is lead-based if sub-layers of paint are discovered on surfaces within buildings constructed before 1978. This cautious approach can help mitigate potential risks associated with lead exposure.

If you notice one or more of these signs, we highly advise hiring a professional to inspect your home.